Common Redundancies in the English Language

Common Redundancies in the English Language One way to cut the clutter in our writing is to eliminate repetitious expressions. Because we so often see and hear redundancies (such as free gifts and foreign imports), they can be easy to overlook. Therefore, when editing our work, we should be on the lookout for needless repetition and be ready to eliminate expressions that add nothing to whats been said. Now does this mean that repetition must be avoided at all costs, or that good writers never repeat themselves? Certainly not. Careful repetition of key words and sentence structures can help establish clear connections in our writing. In effective rhetorical strategies of repetition, we consider how writers may rely on repetition to emphasize or clarify a central idea. Our concern here is with eliminating needless repetition - redundant expressions that make writing longer, not better. Following are some of the common redundancies in English. In specific contexts, some of these phrases may serve a purpose. More often, however, the phrases weigh down our writing with unnecessary words. We can eliminate the needless repetition in each case by omitting the word or phrase in parentheses. A (absolutely) essential(absolutely) necessary(actual) factsadvance (forward)(advance) planning(advance) preview(advance) reservations(advance) warningadd (an additional)add (up)(added) bonus(affirmative) yes(aid and) abet(all-time) recordalternative (choice)A.M. (in the morning)(and) etc.(anonymous) stranger(annual) anniversary(armed) gunman(artificial) prosthesisascend (up)ask (the question)assemble (together)attach (together)ATM (machine)autobiography (of his or her own life) B bald(-headed)balsa (wood)(basic) fundamentals(basic) necessitiesbest (ever)biography (of hisor herlife)blend (together)(boat) marinabouquet (of flowers)brief (in duration)(brief) moment(brief) summary(burning) embers C cacophony (of sound)cameo (appearance)cancel (out)(careful) scrutinycash (money)cease (and desist)circle (around)circulate (around)classify (into groups)(close) proximity(closed) fistcollaborate (together)combine (together)commute (back and forth)compete (with each other)(completely) annihilate(completely) destroyed(completely) eliminate(completely) engulfed(completely) filled(completely) surround(component) partsconfer (together)connect (together)connect (up)confused (state)consensus (of opinion)(constantly) maintainedcooperate (together)could (possibly)crisis (situation)curative (process)(current) incumbent(current) trend D depreciate (in value)descend (down)(desirable) benefits(different) kindsdisappear (from sight)drop (down)during (the course of)dwindle (down) E each (and every)earlier (in time)eliminate (altogether)emergency (situation)(empty) holeempty (out)(empty) spaceenclosed (herein)(end) resultenter (in)(entirely) eliminateequal (to one another)eradicate (completely)estimated at (about)evolve (over time)(exact) same(exposed) openingextradite (back) F (face) maskfall (down)(favorable) approval(fellow) classmates(fellow) colleaguefew (in number)filled (to capacity)(final) conclusion(final) end(final) outcome(final) ultimatum(first and) foremost(first) conceivedfirst (of all)fly (through the air)follow (after)(foreign) imports(former) graduate(former) veteran(free) gift(from) whence(frozen) ice(frozen) tundrafull (to capacity)(full) satisfactionfuse (together)(future) plans(future) recurrence G gather (together)(general) publicGOP (party)GRE (exam)green [or blue or whatever] (in color)grow (in size) H had done (previously)(harmful) injuries(head) honchoheat (up)HIV (virus)hoist (up)(hollow) tubehurry (up) I (illustrated) drawingincredible (to believe)indicted (on a charge)input (into)integrate (together)integrate (with each other)interdependent (on each other)introduced (a new)introduced (for the first time)(ir)regardlessISBN (number) J join (together)(joint) collaboration K kneel (down)(knowledgeable) experts L lag (behind)later (time)LCD (display)lift (up)(little) baby(live) studio audience(live) witness(local) residentslook (ahead) to the futurelook back (in retrospect) M made (out) of(major) breakthrough(major) featmanually (by hand)may (possibly)meet (together)meet (with each other)(mental) telepathymerge (together)might (possibly)minestrone (soup)mix (together)modern ______ (of today)(mutual) cooperation(mutually) interdependentmutual respect (for each other)(number-one) leader in ________ N nape (of her neck)(native) habitat(natural) instinctnever (before)(new) beginning(new) construction(new) innovation(new) invention(new) recruitnone (at all)nostalgia (for the past)(now) pending O off (of)(old) adage(old) cliche(old) custom(old) proverb(open) trenchopen (up)(oral) conversation(originally) createdoutput (out of)(outside) in the yardoutside (of)(over) exaggerateover (with)(overused) cliche P (pair of) twinspalm (of the hand)(passing) fad(past) experience(past) history(past) memories(past) recordspenetrate (into)period (of time)(personal) friend(personal) opinionpick (and choose)PIN (number)pizza (pie)plan (ahead)plan (in advance)(Please) RSVPplunge (down)(polar) opposites(positive) identificationpostpone (until later)pouring (down) rain(pre)board (as an airplane)(pre)heat(pre)record(private) industry(present) incumbentpresent (time)previously listed (above)proceed (ahead)(proposed) planprotest (against)pursue (after) R raise (up)RAM (memory)reason is (because)reason (why)recur (again)re-elect (for another term)refer (back)reflect (back)(regular) routinerepeat (again)reply (back)retreat (back)revert (back)rise (up)round (in shape) S (safe) haven(safe) sanctuarysame (exact)(sand) dunescrutinize (in detail)self-______ (yourself)separated (apart from each other)(serious) dangershare (together)(sharp) pointshiny (in appearance)shut (down)(single) unitskipped (over)slow (speed)small (size)(small) specksoft (in texture) [or (to the touch)]sole (of the foot)spell out (in detail)spliced (together)start (off) or (out)(still) persists(still) remains(sudden) impulse(sum) totalsurrounded (on all sides) T tall (in height)tall (in stature)(temper) tantrumten (in number)three a.m. (in the morning)(three-way) love triangletime (period)(tiny) bit(total) destruction(true) facts(truly) sinceretuna (fish)(twelve) noon or midnight(two equal) halves U (ultimate) goalundergraduate (student)(underground) subway(unexpected) emergency(unexpected) surprise(unintentional) mistake(universal) panacea(unnamed) anonymousUPC (code)(usual) custom V vacillate (back and forth)(veiled) ambush(very) pregnant(very) uniquevisible (to the eye) W (wall) muralwarn (in advance)weather (conditions)weather (situation)whether (or not)(white) snowwrite (down)

Woman Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Woman Renaissance - Essay Example One such case of women renaissances lies in the curiosity that came up amongst women in modern Europe following the recognition of a patriarchal order in society thus women were put in their own unique situation to engage in their desires. This is especially so in England, where women discovered overcame the issue of contemporary dressing that was common at that time and adopted a more adventurous dress code. The above-mentioned dress code defied their role as people who stayed at home and away from the public limelight for preservation of a pure bloodline, and made them into suspicious beings in the eyes of men. The women’s revolution further covered the ownership of property by women, where to many, if any could own property. Concerning those that owned property it was regarded as highly unusual as it was unlikely in the first place for a woman to have property of any kind in her own name. In this case property was totally patriarchal in that it could only be passed to male members of a family (McKay 395). Looking at merchant families reveals that in spite of family background in terms of religious differences and only allowed inheritance through the male line. The different social backgrounds that were overlooked by this patriarchal tendency include religion and social values, as all this was embedded in classical values as shown by the sidelines at which women were kept. There were also leadership issues towards the renaissance of women in early modern Europe, where there was debate about female rulers, where royal born women were given an education and rights (McKay 393). This was part of the renaissance in that it openly defied gender roles and partially welcomed female responsibility, where women could be rulers. In addition, ownership of property was fully meant for the glory of men, where they were to be honored and respected by women at all times since they were at the mercy of men. These also involved keeping women away from public life and we re isolated at home in an attempt to ensure that their fertility was preserved towards the purity of bloodlines. This is in an attempt to ensure that male line of inheritance was purely familial and not from bastard sons. The above is termed as part of keeping man away from evil following biblical accounts stating that Eve was the villain that brought about suffering unto man thus purity as further depicted by the story of the virgin Mary had to be maintained (McKay 396). In addition, this occurred by keeping women isolated in their homes, where even artwork in the form of paintings indicate the isolation of women by being drawn next to windows (McKay 417). This is especially so in the case of England and France, where the church had a strong influence and only served to ensure that the traditionalist trends of the day and age were followed. This serves towards showing the lack of a renaissance for women in modern Europe due to religious lines and traditionalist ideologies that kept women away from owning property and even having a life outside of their houses as they were seen as treacherous beings (McKay 396). In addition to this, their sense of worth was highly demeaned, as their parents had to pay bride price for their marriage making the perception towards them be highly negative as they were of no economic worth except bringing expenses. However, women did have a renaissance in early modern Europe, as it brought about curiosity, as earlier mentioned in the concept of sexuality, only that in this case it was drawn towards knowledge. During this time, there arose a sense of awareness amongst women who strived to have more knowledge and overcome their conventional roles

The Role of the United Nations in Transforming Global Governance Essay - 10

The Role of the United Nations in Transforming Global Governance - Essay Example Drawing off of secondary research literature describing the role of the United Nations as both a peacekeeping organization and ensuring human rights as related to democracy. As a peacekeeping entity, with a focus on democratization as an outcome for maintaining global stability, the United Nations has recently come under considerable scrutiny in regards to whether the agency has failed in the task of guiding post-conflict societies, such as Kosovo, toward political stability (Pritchard, 2001: 185). Having an ideology focused around democracy as the most viable method of national governance, likely inspired by the many Westernised nations incorporating the United Nations, the UN appears to have adopted the values of democracy, in terms of promoting human rights and maintaining global peace and stability. As part of their governing authority, various resolutions are created which focus on sanctioning nations which maintain potential threats to international stability. The aforementione d is quite evident in the UN today as the United Nations has agreed to a new round of sanctions on Iran due to the threat of chemical and biological warfare stemming from the nation (Financial Times, 2008). Using their authority for global governance, the new sanctions involved attempts to stop the flow of nuclear materials into Iran and to halt the efforts of those who support underground nuclear sales (Financial Times). Additional sanctions include restricting travel for Iranians expected to be involved in nuclear efforts. The main concept of these new UN sanctions is to send the public message that the agency believes in democratization as an expected outcome of global governance, publicising efforts to halt activities of nations which provide threats to democratic living and the promotion of human rights. However, despite the best efforts of the UN, the agency is continuously under attack for failing to meet social or civil expectations.

Children as Equal Family Members Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Children as Equal Family Members - Essay Example It was Jean Jacques Rousseau who first stated that he believed that children should be encouraged to develop as befitted them the best and that they should learn what they had an aptitude to learn. He stated that â€Å"We are born weak, we need strength; helpless, we need aid; foolish, we need a reason. All that we lack at birth, all that we need when we come to man's estate, is the gift of education.†1 His ideas were that children should be lead along a path where they could learn and acquire knowledge in a manner that appealed to them. He also believed that children should be allowed to learn things that came naturally to them and they found easy to understand instead of being forced to learn about things that they did not want to know. These ideas influenced the thought of many philosophers and educators who came after him and it is believed that many of the institutions that are still viewed as progressive in this modern day gain their original inspiration from a man who was never properly schooled himself. The fact that he was not schooled and yet still came to be viewed as one of the greatest and most original philosophers of his day is a testament to his theory since he taught himself everything he knew and as such he would have followed his aptitude. Children were seen in the same light from the moment they began to talk until the time that they emerged as a true adult. There were no perceptions that at a certain point in their lives they thought and felt differently to their parents and other adults. There was no realization that they had different needs at different ages and as such these

Commercial Bank of Qatar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commercial Bank of Qatar - Assignment Example The profit from these services differs according to a number of different factors such as volume and nature of the service provided. To increase bank profitability, it is important to distinguish between retail banking products that produce high profit from those that produce low profit. (Open Solutions 2007) provides a profit analysis solution referred to as "ProfitVision". ProfitVision is ready-to-deploy solution that can be adapted to the financial institution needs. It integrates with other accounting solutions to extract real time data for its operations. The institution decides how deep their profitability measure goes by deciding which products, branches and business units to include. The institution picks the data to use in profit calculations and the formulas to be applied to generate the results. The profit model defines processes, threshold and indices that are specific to the enterprise to provide decision makers with custom reports. ProfitVision allows managers to analyze and segment their customers, products and business entities according to profitability. Results can be exported to internal systems for automated action (Open Solutions 2007). The Commercial Bank of Qatar (CBQ) is the second largest bank in Qatar with 6.8 billion dollars as of June 2006 (Peninsula 2006). CBQ provides a number of retail banking services such as customer accounts, loans and credit cards. Most information systems employed withi... ProfitVision allows managers to analyze and segment their customers, products and business entities according to profitability. Results can be exported to internal systems for automated action (Open Solutions 2007). The Commercial Bank of Qatar (CBQ) is the second largest bank in Qatar with 6.8 billion dollars as of June 2006 (Peninsula 2006). CBQ provides a number of retail banking services such as customer accounts, loans and credit cards. 2. Research Problem 2.1 Research Problem Description Most information systems employed within banks do not provide bank managers with measurements of profitability of different bank segments dealing in different banking retail products. Bank managers base their decision making on hunches and not actual profitability of different bank segments. Terri Stonebraker, director of customer services at Bellco Credit Union, said "Bellco operated on hunches about its various segments. We needed to know who the most and least profitable segments are" (Marlin 2003). CBQ similar to most banks suffer from lack of profitability measures of different bank segments. Bank senior managers lack the measures to highlight high and low profitability within bank segments. CBQ senior managers require profitability analysis of bank sectors to improve the quality of financial management within the bank. 2.2 Significance and Contribution of the Research Problem Profit analysis of different retail banking products and bank sectors develops a profit-conscious decision making throughout the institution. Financial institution senior managers would be able to encourage strategies to attract and retain most profitable customers, as well as make

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Philosophy - Essay Example Aristotle points out that nature of causes determines the nature of the causes’ objectives and the friendships differ in species (Aristotle, 78). Aristotle claims that to love for pleasure is only to love for utility as love for utility x while mean an individual loves x for pleasure (Pangle 56). Accordingly, utility varies with each individual, as older people are more inclined to seeking utility relationships (Aristotle, 1156a25). In this case, Aristotle clarifies that what is relative is not enduring. Aristotle defends his argument by outlining that This essay will explore the strengths of objections to the argument in order to confirm Aristotle argument on the nature of true friendships. Objectors to key premises Opponents of Aristotle argument outline that relationships develop after a long period of time and long-term relationships are more meaningful than short-term relationships. In this case, objectors point out those individuals who take time to form intimate and clo ser relationships will avoid the temptations of pleasurable and transitory relationships that entail utility considerations. The opponents assert that life is ever-changing with new forms of friendships thus individuals must aim at attaining satisfactory at every day. The objectors assert that the nature of certain relationships entail unequal exchanges and the amount of love must be equivalent to proportion to the utility obtained by each person. Case example of such relationships includes rule-subject relationship and father-son relationship. In this case, the subject will display more love for the ruler if he or she believes is getting enough utility from the ruler (Pangle 100). Replies to objections Aristotle counters the objections by asserting that ‘true friends’ are good in themselves and virtues since they wish well to their friends and desire to maintain the friendship. True friends will be pleasant and useful to each other and do not enter in to incidental fri endships that are based on expected pleasures or utility (Pangle 67). Aristotle clarifies that love for utility means that an individual loves for pleasure and love for pleasure only is to love for utility thus the love is based on extrinsic reasons. In this case, some lovers complain their excess love is not reciprocated while beloved may complain that his lover promised some pleasures, but performs nothing of those expectations. A case scenarios will arise when the lover loves the other for the sake of attaining pleasure while the beloved for the sake of utility and both do not possess the qualities expected in the relationship. Aristotle demonstrates that the friendship will cease to exist if the parties do not receive the things that formed the motive of love since each did not love each other for the sake of their likeable characters and qualities. From the argument, Aristotle concludes that love for pleasure and utility is transient unlike love formed on the basis of character s and qualities that are self-dependent and do not change with time (Pangle 234). The utility in friendships is relative to the needs as older people are oriented towards the expedient seek utility relationships. Individuals who are guided by feelings seek to satisfy such feelings as evidenced by young personas who engage in routine activities such as football games in order to satisfy their pleasure and erotic feelings of young persons. The satisfaction of the underlying feelings leads to pleasure, but feelings change with time thus making the relationship not enduring (Pangle 167). Theoretical observations Aristotle articulates that genuine friends loves and likes the other person for the same of that other person and friendship entails reciprocal goodwill. Aristotle offers three types of friendships that include

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) - Term Paper Example Mostly, Electromagnetic Radiation is in the forms of waves. These waves include: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, X- rays and Gamma-rays (Mattson). The magnetic and electric fields resulting in the electromagnetic waves interact by coming together at right angles to each other and these combined waves move perpendicular to both electric and magnetic oscillating fields and as a result, the disturbance is caused (Nikita , Kevin and Mateo). The resulting electron radiation is released in bundles of light energy which travel at a speed of 299 792 458 m / s, equivalent to the speed of light, as quantized harmonic waves. This electromagnetic waves are grouped according to their wavelength and the this results in the electromagnetic spectrum. The resultant magnetic and electric waves move perpendicularly to each other having certain characteristics which are Amplitude, frequency and wavelength. Features of Electromagnetic Radiation Wavelength The movement of the electromagnetic waves is in form of patterns. The distance that exists between two peaks is the wavelength of the wave. The wavelength of a waveform is measured in meters. This is illustrated in the figure below. Frequency Frequency can be defined as the number of oscillations of the wave per unit time. The frequency of waves is not constant, it varies and the variation greatly depends on the type and nature of the electromagnetic radiation. The frequency of a wave is measured in Hertz. The wave can have high frequency or low frequency as indicated in the diagram below. The frequency is related to the wavelength by the dispersion relation is given by: Where  the wavelength and c is the propagation speed Amplitude Amplitude refers to the characteristic height of the wave. Amplitude is a measure of the intensity of the wave and is measured in meters. The amplitude of an electromagnetic radiation is given by Where  Refers to the electrical amplitude,  is the wavelength and c is the propagation speed. Characteristics of electromagnetic Radiation Interference This is the process in which two waves superposes to form one resultant wave. For interferenc e to occur, the source of the waves must be coherent. If two electromagnetic waves having the same frequency get together i.e. they superpose, it results into a wave which has the resultant magnetic and electric field strength equal to the sum of fields of the two waves. When two strong waves moving that have their fields moving in one direction, i.e. same direction in time and space, the resulting waveform is twice that of each individual waveform (Encyclop?dia Britannica Online). This results in constructive interference. However, the superposition of a wave having an electric field in one direction in space and with another electromagnetic radiation wave which has the same frequency but with an electric field in the opposite direction in space and time results in cancellation and a result, there is no formation of a waveform (Encyclop?dia Britannica Online). This implies that the two waves are not in phase. The resultant effect is termed as destructive interference. In summary, s uperposition of waves results in destructive, constructive or partial interference considering the magnitude of the waves being superposed. If two monochromatic waves described by And Then The value is responsible for the interference process. If then the resultant interference is constructive If Then  If Then the interference is a destructive interference. Diffraction When electromagnetic waves come onto obstacles, they are diffracted. Diffraction is the process by which the waves bend around obstacles. This can be illustrated as in the diagram be